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主祷文
“主祷文”可能是最被熟知的祷文,出现于圣经马太福音和路加福音这两本书,同时也是由耶稣基督亲口所讲。主祷文是实在地教导,是主耶稣亲自教我们怎样顺从上帝的心意祷告。“主祷文”是我们的祷告模范,教导我们正确的祷告核心和重点。虽然通常称为“主祷文”,但其实应该称“门徒的祷文”更为准确,因为它是主耶稣的跟从者祷告的榜样。
背景
我们从马太福音的叙述得知,主耶稣的祷文所立定的教导是反对假冒伪善的宗教行径。主耶稣将假宗教领袖的行为与真基督徒应有的表现相对比,警告祂的门徒们,当他们活出对上帝的信心时,不要自傲地吸引人关注自己。那些假宗教老师行施舍一类的善事时(马太福音6:2-4 所以你施舍的时候,不可在你前面吹号,像那假冒为善的人在会堂里和街道上所行的,故意要得人的荣耀。我实在告诉你们,他们已经得了他们的赏赐。你施舍的时候,不要叫左手知道右手所作的,要叫你施舍的事行在暗中,你父在暗中察看,必然报答你),或是祷告时(马太福音6:5-8 你们祷告的时候,不可像那假冒为善的人,爱站在会堂里和十字路口上祷告,故意叫人看见。我实在告诉你们,他们已经得了他们的赏赐。你祷告的时候要进你的内屋,关上门,祷告你在暗中的父,你父在暗中察看,必然报答你。你们祷告,不可像外邦人,用许多重复话,他们以为话多了必蒙垂听。你们不可效法他们,因为你们没有祈求以先,你们所需用的,你们的父早已知道了),就喜欢自己得荣耀,而不是将荣耀都归给上帝。在主耶稣指出错误的祷告之后,又以祷告模范来阐明正确的祷告。
当然,如果你仅仅是背诵和重复主祷文,没有一个真心实意的交托和热诚,那么你的祷告就成了被主耶稣定罪的假冒伪善人的喃喃附和一类了。主祷文决不是模仿用的,而是用作真诚基督徒侍奉上帝的大纲或指南。我们也知道,一个人的祷告需要有对上帝诚挚的爱,如果只是像诵念一首迷信诗(不认识上帝),那连天花板都不能穿透,又怎能达到上帝的跟前呢?
祷文内容(出自马太福音6:9-13)
“所以你们祷告要这样说”(9节)
主耶稣率先反对法利赛人和撒都该人的假宗教行径,指出他们的宗教目的是为己私利,窃取上帝应得的荣耀归给自己,而不是为了爱上帝和侍奉上帝。今天的我们是不是也经常做同样的事情?有多少次,我们向人行善只是让人看好自己?然而,我们做每件事情都应该是为了主耶稣而做,是为了爱祂和荣耀祂。
“我们在天上的父”(9节)
这句经文让我们认识到:要对上帝忠诚。祂是我们的天父,祂创造了我们、养育着我们、赐给我们属灵的生命。我们所拥有的一切、我们所取得或曾希望取得的一切成就,都应属于祂。这位全能的创造者,住在超越时间和空间之外(我们称那里为“天国”),祂是我们的父、我们的上帝、我们的生命,也是我们的救主。所以,当我们祷告时必须清楚地认识到,我们是在向谁祷告。“我们众人祷告时,就像上帝家庭里的成员们在一同祷告,我们将上帝作为一家之首,祂的爱将我们紧密连结在一起。”
“愿人都尊您的名为圣”(9节)
在主耶稣的时代,一个人的名字象征着他的品性,所以这句经文(愿人都尊您的名为圣)就意味着,我们不仅要认识到,也要承认上帝是圣洁的,“圣哉、圣哉、圣哉,万军之耶和华,祂的荣光充满全地”(以赛亚6:3)。但是现今时代,有太多的基督徒对上帝的圣洁思考得太少。我们没有认识到上帝是完美的,是我们的创造者,是祂养育我们,祂应当得到我们的敬拜和崇爱。我们时常没有以敬虔和敬畏来靠近祂,圣经指示说:“敬畏耶和华的得着生命,他必恒久知足,不遭祸患【病痛和灾难】(箴言19:23)”
“愿您的国降临,愿您的旨意行在地上、如同行在天上”(10节)
这句经文的含义是:我们应该渴望让上帝的旨意行在世上人的生命中,如同行在天国天使的生命中。作为基督徒,我们的心应该按照上帝所期望的,想要促建祂的国度。我们应该作改变生命的代理人,我们的使命就是将上帝对人类大爱的佳音分享给能分享的所有人,那么这个世界就会变得更像上帝的国。“上帝的仆人,要寻求上帝的掌管能够真正掌管越来越多人的生命。”
“我们日用的饮食,今日赐给我们”(11节)
基督徒每天的生活都应该倚靠上帝的供养。当主耶稣告诉祂的跟从者“不要为生活的基本所需而忧虑”之后,又说:“你们要先求祂的国和祂的义,这些东西都要加给你们了”(马太福音6:33)。“祷告,是为了我们日用的基本所需而求。主耶稣劝告祂的跟从者,不要为奢侈的需求而祷告,要为当日所必需的祷告。而现在所必需的,并不是为无数个明天囤积储备,我们要有限度地为今日所需而祈求,因为主耶稣教导我们:‘每一天’要倚靠上帝而活。”
“免我们的债(路加福音:罪),如同我们免了人的债”(12节)
因为我们是耶稣基督里的信徒,使我们的罪得以蒙上帝的赦免。所以,这里并不是说“我们被上帝宽恕,是因为我们宽恕了别人”,而是说“我们被上帝宽恕,所以我们也要宽恕别人”。当我们真正懂得上帝宽恕了我们多少时,就会很容易地宽恕别人了。如果我们求上帝宽恕我们的罪,却拒绝宽恕别人,那么我们与上帝的关系就存在问题了,我们就需要先解决“宽恕别人”的问题。
“不叫我们遇见试探”(13节)
我们知道,上帝不会用罪来试探任何人(雅各1:13),因此,这句经文必是请求上帝带领我们脱离试探和考验。这是保守的请求,避免我们陷在罪里。圣经告诉我们,每一件事的发生不是直接出于上帝,就是经过祂的允许。所以我们基督徒要认识到,上帝掌管着我们生命的分分秒秒,我们要向上帝祷告,求祂带领我们的脚步远离试探,走向圣洁。
“救我们脱离凶恶”(13节)
惟有上帝才能保守我们脱离罪恶,我们靠着祂的力量才能抵挡世界、肉体和魔鬼。“你们要顺服 神,务要抵挡魔鬼,魔鬼就必离开你们逃跑了”(雅各4:7)。圣经又告诉我们,上帝不会让我们受试探或考验过于祂赋予我们的承受能力,“你们所遇见的试探,无非是人所能受的。 神是信实的,必不叫你们受试探过于所能受的,在受试探的时候总要给你们开一条出路,叫你们能忍受得住”(哥林多前书10:13)
结论:从主祷文中得出的重要原则
当我们向上帝祷告时,必须懂得:上帝是宇宙万有,圣洁的创造者和掌管者。我们祷告的出发点,必须是为了上帝的荣耀和促建祂的国度。我们决对能够向祂祈求供应我们的所需、安慰我们的痛苦,但是我们永远都要认识到:祂的旨意就是我们的圣旨。我们应该渴望祂的旨意能够完完全全地行使在地上,并且我们应该甘心乐意地降服于祂的旨意,而不是让祂听从我们的意愿。我们永远都要记住,一切的美善都出于上帝(雅各1:17),祂无微不至地照管着我们的所需。我们必须宽恕别人,正如我们得蒙上帝的宽恕。我们必须信靠上帝会释放我们脱离任何的试探和考验,我们经过也明白,靠自己根本无法抵挡试探。当我们以这样的态度祷告时,就能够如使徒约翰所说:“我们若照祂的旨意求什么,祂就听我们。这是我们向祂所存坦然无惧的心(约翰一书5:14)
The LORD’s Prayer
The LORD’s Prayer may be the most familiar prayer that exists. It is found in the Bible, in Matthew and in Luke, and came from the very mouth of JESUS CHRIST. This prayer is actually instructional; it is a model prayer that is meant to teach us the correct focus and emphasis of prayer. Although it is commonly called ‘The LORD’s Prayer’, it should more correctly be called ‘The Disciples’ Prayer’ because it is meant as a model prayer for those who follow JESUS.
The context of the Prayer
We find Matthew’s recounting of JESUS’ delivery of the LORD’s Prayer set amidst JESUS’ teachings against hypocritical religious acting. JESUS was contrasting the way the false religious leaders acted with how true followers of GOD should behave. JESUS had cautioned HIS disciples not to call attention to themselves in prideful ways when they went about living out their faith. HE said that the false religious teachers like to call attention to themselves, instead of pointing to GOD, when they did things like giving to the needy (Matthew 6: 2 “So when you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. 3 But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4 so that your giving may be in secret. Then your FATHER, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.) or praying (Matthew 6: 5 “And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. 6 But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your FATHER, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. 7 And when you pray, do not keep on babbling like pagans, for they think they will be heard because of their many words. 8 Do not be like them, for your FATHER knows what you need before you ask HIM). After JESUS had finished describing the wrong way to pray, HE illustrated the right way to pray by using this model prayer.
Of course, if this prayer is simply memorized and repeated without a heartfelt commitment and earnest sincerity, it becomes the same sort of hypocritical mumbling that JESUS had just condemned. This prayer was never meant to be mimicked; it was to serve as an outline, or guide, for the sincere devotee to GOD. As we will see, this prayer requires an honest love for GOD on the part of the one praying for it to be anything more than a superstitious poem that will not even reach the ceiling.
The content of the Prayer [taken from Matthew 6:9-13]
“Pray then like this…” (9)
JESUS had railed against the false religiosity of the Pharisees and Sadducees. HE had pointed out that they do their religious duties for selfish reasons, to steal the glory that rightfully belongs to GOD for themselves, not out of love and service to HIM. How often do we do the same thing today? How many times do we do something good for someone simply to make ourselves look good? Rather, we should be doing everything for JESUS’ sake; out of love for HIM and for HIS glory and honor.
“Our Father in heaven…” (9)
This phrase recognizes our allegiance to GOD. HE is our FATHER; HE created us, HE sustains us, HE gives us spiritual life. Everything we have and everything we are or ever hope to be, we owe to HIM. The all-powerful CREATOR, WHO lives outside of time and space, in the realm we call ‘Heaven’, is our FATHER, our GOD, our life, and our SAVIOR. When we pray, we must be aware of exactly WHO it is to WHOM we are praying. “Those who pray like this are members of a family, and they look to GOD as the Head of the family, one who is bound to them by ties of love”.
“…hallowed be YOUR name” (9)
In JESUS’ day, a person’s name was indicative of his character. This phrase [“hallowed be your name”] means that we realize, and acknowledge, that GOD is holy, “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of HIS glory!” (Isaiah 6:3). There are too many people these days who think too little on GOD’s holiness. We do not realize that GOD is perfect, HE is our CREATOR, HE sustains us, and HE deserves our worship and love. Too often, we do not approach HIM with the reverential awe, or fear, that the Bible commands, “The fear of the LORD leads to life, and whoever has it rests satisfied; he will not be visited by harm” (Proverbs 19:23).
“Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven” (10)
This phase means that we should want GOD’s plan to be carried out by humans on earth the same way it is carried out by the angels in Heaven. As believers, our hearts should be set on furthering HIS Kingdom any way that HE asks of us. We should be agents of change, whose mission is to share the good news of GOD’s love for humanity with all those we can, so that this world would be more like HIS Kingdom. “The servant of GOD looks for the rule of GOD to become actual in more and more lives”.
“Give us this day our daily bread…” (11)
The believer should be living in a daily dependence on GOD’s provision. After JESUS had told HIS followers that they need not worry about having the necessities of life, HE said, “But seek first the kingdom of GOD and HIS righteousness, and all these things will be added to you” (Matthew 6:33). “…the prayer is for the simple and present necessities of life. JESUS is counseling HIS followers to pray for necessities, not luxuries, and for what is needed now, not a great store for many days to come. By confining the petition to present needs JESUS teaches a day-by-day dependence on GOD”.
“…and forgive us our debts [Luke: our sins], as we also have forgiven our debtors” (12)
Because we are believers in JESUS CHRIST, our sins are forgiven. Therefore, this is not saying that our sins are forgiven because we forgive others. Rather, we forgive others because we have been forgiven. It is easy to forgive others when we truly understand how much GOD has forgiven us. If we claim to have had our sins forgiven by GOD, yet we refuse to forgive others, there is a problem with our relationship with GOD, and that problem needs to be dealt with.
“And lead us not into temptation…” (13)
We know that GOD does not tempt anyone with evil (James 1:13). Therefore, this phrase must be a request for GOD to guide our paths away from temptation and testing. It is a request for protection against that which might cause us to fall into sin. The Bible tells us that everything that happens is either caused by GOD, or GOD allows it. As such, we believers realize that GOD is in control of every second of our lives, so we pray for GOD to guide our steps away from temptation and towards holiness.
“…but deliver us from evil” (13)
GOD is the only one Who can protect us from evil. It is by HIS strength that we are enabled to stand against the world, the flesh, and the devil. “Submit yourselves therefore to GOD. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you” (James 4:7). The Bible also tells us that GOD will not let us be tempted or tested more than HE will also supply the ability for us to endure, “No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to man. GOD is faithful, and HE will not let you be tempted beyond your ability, but with the temptation HE will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it” (I Corinthians 10:13).
Conclusion: Important Principles from the LORD’s Prayer
When we pray to GOD, we must understand that HE is the Holy CREATOR, and SUSTAINER, of the universe. Our basic motivation in prayer must be for HIS glory and the furtherance of HIS Kingdom. We can surely ask HIM to supply our needs and comfort our afflictions, but we must always recognize that HIS will trumps ours. We should desire that HIS will be done here on earth, and we should be willing to submit to HIS plan, rather than expect HIM to submit to ours. We must always remember that every good thing comes from GOD (James 1:17); HE lovingly supplies our needs. We must forgive others as we have been forgiven. We must trust GOD to deliver us from any temptation or testing that we should encounter, knowing that we are unable to resist temptation on our own. When we pray with this attitude, we can say with the apostle John, “And this is the confidence that we have toward HIM, that if we ask anything according to HIS will HE hears us” (I John 5:14).
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