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1.何谓"rest room"? <BR> <BR>某校的"教师休息室"被译为"Teachers' Rest Room",一家"开心休闲屋"被译为"Happy Rest Room"。但"rest room"指的是"a public lavatory; cloakroom,公用盥洗室,衣帽间"。翻译这类型的场所可考虑"lounge"、"lobby"、"vestibule"或"foyer"。据说那所学校一个新来的外教有 一天火急火燎地冲进去,结果可以想象;如此想当然的字面翻译真是令人尴尬。 <BR><BR><BR>2.是"wineshop"还是"restaurant"? <BR> <BR>一些"酒家"被译为"Wineshop"。在英文里,"wineshop"指的是"a cafe or tavern that specializes in serving wine",专指供人喝酒、小憩之处,而中国人所说酒馆、酒楼、酒肆或酒家其实就是饭店、餐馆,英文都应是"restaurant"。 <BR> <BR><BR>3.是"high school"还是"middle school"? <BR><BR>大多数有高中的"中学"被译为"middle school",此词实际只指初中和高一的阶段,"a school between elementary school and high school."。有高中的中学应译为"high school",用"middle school"其实是把自己将格了。 <BR> <BR><BR>4.何来"purchase center"? <BR> <BR>某"购物中心"英译为"???PURCHASE CENTER",这是不规范的自创表达法。笔者查询牛津、剑桥、韦氏和朗文工具书都查不出"purchase center" 这样的词条,也咨询了英美人士和留学海外的学子,却都认为没有此说法。英语有"shopping center",但所指购物场所很大,而且常在市郊;而该"购物中心"一则占地与规模都很小,二则地处市中心附近,因而也不宜这么翻,充其量就是"department store"(百货商店)。 <BR><BR><BR>5."corporation"是什么? <BR><BR>某"国际机场集团公司"被译为"International Airport Group Corporation"。 "corporation"指"Groups of persons authorized to act as an individual,eg,for Business purposes",实际上该词本身有总公司的意味,因而"group"是多余的,有些总公司就是用这个词来表示。查一些影响较大的词典都没有发现"group corporation",但有"group company"之说。 <BR><BR><BR>6."square","plaza"分别指什么广场? <BR> <BR>"square"意为"four-sided open area,eg,in a town,used as a garden or for recreation,or one enclosed by streets and buildings","buildings and street surroundings","blocks of buildings bounded by four streets; distance along one side of such a block",所能指的广场大概相当于"天安门广场"、"五一广场"之类。现在新出现的众多的冠以"广场"名称的商业性质的写字楼群应该用"plaza",意为"a complex of stores, banks and movie theatres, etc"。目前我国广场,如"国贸广场","财经广场",大都源于该词。 <BR><BR><BR>7."store"、"shop"规模有多大? <BR> <BR>"store"是一个卖东西的地方,"shops selling many varieties of goods""shop"意思相近,指"building or part of a building where goods are shown and sold retail",规模并不大。目前,这两个词被滥用了,结果往往是把自己降格了,不能表达许多商业场所本身所具有的规模。多功能的商场,比如带有娱乐场所或银行分点的,宜用"plaza"或"mall",后者指"a large retail complex containing stores and restaurants in adjacent buildings, or in a single large building"。当然,"store"在国外也有用来指很大的商店,有的建筑面积达二十几万平方米,服务员上班时穿溜冰鞋工作,但此时所用的是合成词"hyperstore",目前我们国内能冠以该词的店铺可能还非常少, <BR><BR><BR>8.是"city area"还是 "downtown area"? <BR> <BR>路牌"市区"被英译为"City Area"。中文所说的"市区"指的是人口和房屋建筑比较集中的闹市区,而"city"指的是整个城市,既包括了闹市区,也包括了郊区。闹市区在国外称"Downtown Area"或"Downtown District"。 <BR> <BR><BR>9.“出差”是on business还是on evection? <BR> <BR>一个学生把“我的朋友去北京出差了。”译成 “My friend went to Beijing on evection.”。查《英汉大词典》evection果然解释为“出差”,但仔细看,这是一个天文学词汇,是指“由于太阳的吸引而在月球轨道上引起的摄动”。我想这位学生大概是背诵GRE词汇时,只记中文解释,而不理解其真正意思造成的。其实,这句话只要译成; “My friend went to Beijing on business.”就行了。此“出差”非彼“出差”,做翻译查词典,千万不可粗心大意,有时最好要看看其原文解释。 |
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